Tkinter Button 範例

from tkinter import Tk, Button

def goodbye_world():
    print ("Goodbye World!\nWait, I changed my mind!")
    button.configure(text = "Hello World!", command=hello_world)

def hello_world():
    print ("Hello World!\nWait, I changed my mind!")
    button.configure(text = "Goodbye World!", command=goodbye_world)

root = Tk()
button = Button(root, text="Hello World!", command=hello_world)
button.pack()

root.mainloop()

Tkinter intro

Tkinter intro

In this video, we begin discussion of the tkinter module. The tkinter module is a wrapper around tk, which is a wrapper around tcl, which is what is used to create windows and graphical user interfaces. Here, we show how simple it is to create a very basic window in just 8 lines. We get a window that we can resize, minimize, maximize, and close! The tkinter module's purpose is to generate GUIs. Python is not very popularly used for this purpose, but it is more than capable of doing it.

Let's walk through each step to making a tkinter window:

Simple enough, just import everything from tkinter.

from tkinter import *

Here, we are creating our class, Window, and inheriting from the Frame class. Frame is a class from the tkinter module. (see Lib/tkinter/__init__)

Then we define the settings upon initialization. This is the master widget.

class Window(Frame):

    def __init__(self, master=None):
        Frame.__init__(self, master)               
        self.master = master

The above is really all we need to do to get a window instance started.

Root window created. Here, that would be the only window, but you can later have windows within windows.

root = Tk()

Then we actually create the instance.

app = Window(root)

Finally, show it and begin the mainloop.

root.mainloop()

The above code put together should spawn you a window that looks like:

Pretty neat, huh? Obviously there is much more to cover.

The next tutorial: 

You've reached the end!

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Tkinter 攝氏溫度轉華視溫度

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

from tkinter import *

from tkinter import ttk

def calculate(*args):

    try:

        value = float(Cels.get())

        Fahr.set( value * (9/5) +32)

    except ValueError:

        pass

    

root = Tk()

root.title("******   攝氏溫度 轉 華式溫度   *******")

mainframe = ttk.Frame(root, padding="3 3 12 12")

mainframe.grid(column=0, row=0, sticky=(N, W, E, S))

mainframe.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)

mainframe.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)

Cels = StringVar()

Fahr = StringVar()

feet_entry = ttk.Entry(mainframe, width=7, textvariable=Cels)

feet_entry.grid(column=2, row=1, sticky=(W, E))

ttk.Label(mainframe, textvariable=Fahr).grid(column=2, row=2, sticky=(W, E))

ttk.Button(mainframe, text="Calculate", command=calculate).grid(column=1, row=3, sticky=E)

ttk.Button(mainframe, text="Quit", command= quit).grid(column=2, row=3, sticky=E)

ttk.Label(mainframe, text="請輸入 攝氏溫度 == ").grid(column=1, row=1, sticky=E)

ttk.Label(mainframe, text="     相當於    ").grid(column=1, row=2, sticky=E)

ttk.Label(mainframe, text="華式溫度").grid(column=3, row=2, sticky=W)

for child in mainframe.winfo_children(): child.grid_configure(padx=5, pady=5)

feet_entry.focus()

root.bind('<Return>', calculate)

root.mainloop()

Message Widget

The syntax of a message widget: 

w = Message ( master, option, ... ) 

The Options in Detail

Option	Meaning
anchor	The position, where the text should be placed in the message widget: N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW, or CENTER. The Default is CENTER.
aspect	Aspect ratio, given as the width/height relation in percent. The default is 150, which means that the message will be 50% wider than it is high. Note that if the width is explicitly set, this option is ignored.
background	The background color of the message widget. The default value is system specific.
bg	Short for background.
borderwidth	Border width. Default value is 2.
bd	Short for borderwidth.
cursor	Defines the kind of cursor to show when the mouse is moved over the message widget. By default the standard cursor is used.
font	Message font. The default value is system specific.
foreground	Text color. The default value is system specific.
fg	Same as foreground.
highlightbackground	Together with highlightcolor and highlightthickness, this option controls how to draw the highlight region.
highlightcolor	See highlightbackground.
highlightthickness	See highlightbackground.
justify	Defines how to align multiple lines of text. Use LEFT, RIGHT, or CENTER. Note that to position the text inside the widget, use the anchor option. Default is LEFT.
padx	Horizontal padding. Default is -1 (no padding).
pady	Vertical padding. Default is -1 (no padding).
relief	Border decoration. The default is FLAT. Other possible values are SUNKEN, RAISED, GROOVE, and RIDGE.
takefocus	If true, the widget accepts input focus. The default is false.
text	Message text. The widget inserts line breaks if necessary to get the requested aspect ratio. (text/Text)
textvariable	Associates a Tkinter variable with the message, which is usually a StringVar. If the variable is changed, the message text is updated.
width	Widget width given in character units. A suitable width based on the aspect setting is automatically chosen, if this option is not given.

Python 的內建 GUI 模組 Tkinter 建立視窗 -----Message Widget

from tkinter import *
master = Tk()
whatever_you_do = "Whatever you do will be insignificant, but it is very important that you do it.\n(Mahatma Gandhi)"
msg = Message(master, text = whatever_you_do)
msg.config(bg='lightgreen', font=('times', 24, 'italic'))
msg.pack( )
mainloop( )

Python 的內建 GUI 模組 Tkinter 建立視窗 ----Dynamical Content in a Label

import tkinter as tk

counter = 0 
def counter_label(label):
  def count():
    global counter
    counter += 1
    label.config(text=str(counter))
    label.after(1000, count)
  count()


root = tk.Tk()
root.title("Counting Seconds")
label = tk.Label(root, fg="green")
label.pack()
counter_label(label)
button = tk.Button(root, text='Stop', width=25, command=root.destroy)
button.pack()
root.mainloop()

Python 的內建 GUI 模組 Tkinter 建立視窗----Colorized Labels in various fonts

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

Label(root, 
text="Red Text in Times Font",
fg = "red",
font = "Times").pack()
Label(root, 
text="Green Text in Helvetica Font",
fg = "light green",
bg = "dark green",
font = "Helvetica 16 bold italic").pack()
Label(root, 
text="Blue Text in Verdana bold",
fg = "blue",
bg = "yellow",
font = "Verdana 10 bold").pack()

root.mainloop()